![]() ![]() ![]() The aim of this has been to provide an up-to-date and as accurate as possible assessment of some of the key farm-level economic impacts associated with the global adoption of crops containing GM traits. The author of this paper has undertaken some of these studies (eg, Brookes) 1 and since 2005, has engaged in a regular (typically annual) exercise to identify, update, and aggregate the sum of these various studies, and where possible, to supplement them with new analysis. Since the introduction of GM crop technology in the mid-1990s, there have been many analytical papers assessing the farm level economic and income impacts associated with the adoption of this technology. The main crops using this technology are soybeans, maize, cotton, and canola, with GM traits present in just over 47% of the global area of these four crops in 2020. In developing countries, the average return was $5.22 for each extra dollar invested in GM crop seed and in developed countries the average return was $3.00.Ĭrops containing genetically modified (GM) traits have been widely grown for 25 years and in 2020, the global area planted to crops was about 186 million hectares. In terms of investment, for each extra dollar invested in GM crop seeds (relative to the cost of conventional seed), farmers gained an average US $3.76 in extra income. In 2020, the extra global production of the four main crops in which GM technology is widely used (85 million tonnes), would have, if conventional production systems been used, required an additional 23.4 million ha of land to be planted to these crops. These yield and production gains have made important contributions to increasing global production levels of the four main crops, having, for example, added 330 million tonnes and 595 million tonnes respectively, to the global production of soybeans and maize since the introduction of the technology in the mid-1990s. Seventy-two percentage of the gains have derived from yield and production gains with the remaining 28% coming from cost savings. The cumulative farm income gains have been divided 52% to farmers in developing countries and 48% to farmers in developed countries. In 2020, the farm income gains were $18.8 billion (average of $103/ha). This equates to an average farm income gain across all GM crops grown in this period of about $112/hectare. ![]() Over the period 1996 to 2020, the economic benefits have been significant with farm incomes for those using the technology having increased by $261.3 billion US dollars. It examined impacts on yields, important variable costs of production, including the cost of the technology, direct farm (gross) income, and impacts on the production base of the main crops where the technology is used (soybeans, corn, cotton, and canola). This paper updates previous estimates for the global value of using genetically modified (GM) crop technology in agriculture at the farm level. ![]()
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